The Tanzanian elections held on October 29, 2025, were marked by significant unrest and controversy. The incumbent President Samia Suluhu Hassan, representing the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party, was widely expected to win a second term, but the electoral process faced serious criticism and protests. The main opposition party CHADEMA was disqualified from participating, with its leader Tundu Lissu imprisoned on treason charges, which he denies. Another main opposition candidate, Luhaga Mpina, was also barred from running due to legal technicalities. This led to a largely uncompetitive election with only minor parties as opposition, intensifying tensions and allegations of government crackdown on dissent.
Election Context and Controversies
The 2025 elections came after new electoral laws were introduced in 2024 aimed at improving transparency and electoral procedures. However, critics argued these reforms maintained government control over the electoral commission, limiting a fair playing field. The exclusion of key opposition figures and parties, along with arrests and restrictions on political activities, raised concerns about democratic backsliding in Tanzania. Amnesty International and other human rights organizations reported violence during the election day, including fatalities, injuries, and internet shutdowns used to curb information flow.
Election Day and Aftermath
On election day, widespread protests erupted across the country, particularly in Dar es Salaam, where police used tear gas and gunfire to disperse crowds. Curfews were imposed, and civil servants were instructed to work remotely to reduce public gatherings. The unrest included demonstrations against the perceived erosion of democracy and calls for electoral reforms. Despite the chaos, the electoral commission streamed results, showing President Hassan taking an early lead, consistent with the expected outcome but amid a backdrop of serious political tension.
Political and Social Impact
The 2025 elections have sparked debates about Tanzania’s democratic trajectory, with some analysts warning about the quiet collapse of political competition and an increasingly managed democracy under the CCM’s dominance. The political crackdown and exclusion of opposition voices risk undermining public trust in electoral integrity and political freedoms. The government’s actions to suppress dissent also have implications for Tanzania’s international reputation and internal stability.
In summary, the 2025 Tanzanian elections resulted in the anticipated re-election of President Samia Suluhu Hassan amid protests, opposition suppression, legal exclusions, and violent clashes, reflecting deep political divisions and challenges to democratic norms in the country.
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